Research Laboratory: Social, Cultural, and Philosophical Studies Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences, Dhar El Mahraz – Fez

Abstract

   This Study Aims To Elucidate The Dimensions And Implications Of The Most Prominent Approaches Within The Philosophy Of History Throughout Its Developmental Stages. This Is Achieved By Invoking The Arab Thinker Ibn Khaldun, Who Presented A Unique Approach Consistent With The Characteristics Of Medieval Philosophy, And Placing Him In A Dialogue With The American Philosopher Francis Fukuyama. Fukuyama Is Examined As A Figure Who Reconsidered The Features Of Historical Evolution By Utilizing The Philosophy Of Science As A Foundation To Offer A Thesis Distinct From His Predecessors.

   By Doing So, This Study Weaves A Cross-Cultural Dialogue Regarding Historical Knowledge—A Subject Upon Which Various Philosophies Have Diverged Due To The Differing Objectives Inherent In Each Respective Approach.

Research Problem :

Is History An Inevitable Cycle Driven By Social Cohesion (Asabiyyah) And Eroded By Luxury, Or Is It A Linear Path That Transcends Ideological Conflict To Culminate In Liberal Democracy?

Objectives Of The Study :

The Study Seeks To Achieve The Following:

Identify The Fundamental Characteristics Of The Evolution Of Historical Knowledge.

Establish A Civilizational Dialogue By Analyzing Two Pivotal Approaches That Shaped Historical Knowledge, Conducting A Comparison Between Them, And Clarifying Their Respective Goals.

Methodology :

The Study Employs A Comparative Analytical Method By:

Tracing The Trajectories Of Historical Knowledge From The Medieval Era To The Contemporary Period.

Deducing The Rules And Tools Adopted By Both Approaches To Understand History And Predict Its Near And Long-Term Future Horizons.

Key Findings :

The Study Affirms That Despite Ibn Khaldun’s Approach Belonging To Medieval Philosophy, It Maintains A Significant Position In Understanding Contemporary History And Envisioning A Universal Civilization Where Ideological Conflicts Vanish And Human Life Settles Upon Virtuous Values.

The Study Concludes That Francis Fukuyama’s Approach Falls Within The Framework Of Contemporary Cultural Industries, As It Seeks To Reshape The International Order According To A New Hierarchy. This Hierarchy Places Certain Nations At The Summit And Others At The Base, Thereby Aiming To Reinvent Conflict Rather Than Achieve Global Stability.