The Theological Rationalism

Abstract

This paper examines the problem of rationality in Arab-Islamic thought through an analysis of kalām rationality. It argues that rationality is not a single absolute concept but a plurality shaped by historical and pragmatic contexts. The study raises the question of whether kalām rationality was merely defensive or fundamentally dialogical. Using an analytical and critical approach, it shows that kalām developed specific argumentative and dialogical methods distinct from Greek demonstrative logic. Debate, argumentation, and mutual rational engagement are presented as constitutive elements of kalām rationality. The paper concludes that kalām rationality should be understood as a historically situated dialogical rationality, open to renewal from within its own methodological foundations and oriented toward consensus within difference.