The Tourism Environment between the Evolution of Concepts, the Diversity of Terminology, and the Requirements of Sustainable Development

Abstract

This article examines the concept of the tourism environment within the framework of contemporary tourism geography, considering it a key notion that reflects the interactive relationship between tourism activity and geographical space with its natural and human components. The study is guided by the following central research question: How has the concept of the tourism environment evolved in light of the global transformations experienced by tourism activity, and to what extent is this evolution linked to the reformulation of tourism development models toward sustainability?

The study aims to analyze the conceptual development of the tourism environment within the geographical field and to highlight its multiple dimensions as an integrated geographical system encompassing natural, economic, social, and cultural components. It also seeks to clarify the relationship between the tourism environment and prevailing tourism development patterns, with particular emphasis on the transition from the traditional development model to the sustainable one.

Methodologically, the study adopts an analytical-synthetic approach based on a critical review of relevant geographical and tourism literature, along with a conceptual analysis of key notions related to the tourism environment and tourism development. A systemic approach is employed to understand the interrelationships within the tourism system, and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is used as a reference framework to examine the effects of tourism activities on geographical space.

The findings indicate that the tourism environment constitutes a dynamic system that both influences and is influenced by tourism activities. The dominance of an economically driven traditional development model has contributed to evident environmental imbalances, whereas the adoption of a sustainable approach allows for balancing environmental, social, and economic dimensions in accordance with the carrying capacity principle.

The scientific contribution of this study lies in strengthening the conceptual foundations of the tourism environment within tourism geography and emphasizing the strategic role of Environmental Impact Assessment in ensuring sustainable tourism planning and long-term resource conservation.